ABSTRACT
Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between nursing students’ nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence, and to clarify the mediating effect of moral sensitivity which has a mutual influence on nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence. @*Methods@#The data collection for this study was conducted from January 23 to February 1, 2021 with junior and senior nursing students enrolled in five nursing departments in two regions. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 program. @*Results@#Through this study, it was found that nursing professionalism (β=.47) and moral sensitivity (β=.32) acted as important influencing factors on the ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, with an explanatory power of 31.2%. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a partial mediating effect of moral sensitivity in the relationship between the nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, and the mediating effect coefficient of moral sensitivity was .16. @*Conclusion@#Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to prepare a plan to increase ethical decision-making confidence and moral sensitivity when planning interventions to improve nursing professionalism in nursing students.
ABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. Although the etiology of SLE remains unclear, it is widely accepted that genetic factors could be involved in its pathogenesis. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of SLE in diverse populations. However, not all the SNP candidates identified from non-Asian populations have been validated in Koreans. In this study, we aimed to replicate the SNPs that were recently discovered in the GWAS; these SNPs have not been validated in Koreans or have only been replicated in Koreans with an insufficient sample size to conclude any association. For this, we selected five SNPs (rs1801274 in FCGR2A and rs2286672 in PLD2, rs887369 in CXorf21, rs9782955 in LYST, and rs3794060 in NADSYN1). Through the replication study with 656 cases and 622 controls, rs1801274 in FCGR2A was found to be significantly associated with SLE in Koreans (odds ratio, 1.26, 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.50; p = 0.01 in allelic model). This association was also significant in two other models (dominant and recessive). The other four SNPs did not show a significant association. Our data support that FCGR polymorphisms play important roles in the susceptibility to SLE in diverse populations, including Koreans.
Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Genome-Wide Association Study , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Sample SizeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an individualized cardiac health education on self-care behavior and serum cholesterol levels patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Twenty-two patients in the intervention group and 22 in the control group were assigned randomly in this study. The intervention group received an individualized cardiac health education program which consisted of four different sessions for a total of four sessions. Specifically, two sessions occurred during the patients' hospitalization with a third session at the time of discharge with a fourth session scheduled via telephone one week post discharge. Data were collected through a questionnaire for self-care behavior and a blood test for total cholesterol at the time of admission and the two weeks after discharge. The questionnaire for self-care behavior was a standardized instrument and serum cholesterol was measured by Accutrend GC (Roche, Germany). RESULTS: Self-care behavior scores included diet, medication, exercise, risk factor, blood pressure measurement, and visits to hospital were significantly more in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that the individualized cardiac health education was effective in increasing of self-care behavior.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol , Coronary Artery Disease , Coronary Vessels , Diet , Health Education , Hematologic Tests , Hospitalization , Risk Factors , Self Care , TelephoneABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite and steam autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium endodontic files. Two types of files with a .06 taper and #30 were used, K3(R) (SybronEndo, Glendora, California, USA) and Hero642(R) (Micro-Mega, Besancon, France). The files were divided into 6 experimental groups containing 10 files each group depending the soaking time in 6% sodium hypochlorite solution and number of cycles of steam autoclave. After sterilization, a cyclic fatigue test was performed on each file, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds. The control group underwent the cyclic fatigue test only. After the test, the surface characteristics of the files were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All groups containing the Hero 642(R) files showed a similar cyclic fatigue fracture time. However, the cyclic fatigue fracture time with the K3(R) files was significantly shorter in groups which were treated with sodium hypochlorite than in the control group (P < 0.05). SEM revealed both Hero642(R) and K3(R) files to have significant corrosion on the file surface in groups treated with sodium hypochlorite, compared with the sharp and regular blades of the control group. K3(R) files showed more corrosion than the Hero642(R) files. Bluntness of the blades of the K3(R) file was observed in groups treated with steam autoclave. Although there was no obvious destruction on the surface of steam autoclaved Hero642(R) files, slight bluntness was observed. Sterilizing with a steam autoclave is much less destructive to K3(R) files than sodium hypochlorite. The longer time exposed to sodium hypochlorite, the more destructive pattern was shown on the blades of the files. Therefore, when using sodium hypochlorite solution, the exposure time should be as short as possible in order to prevent corrosion and increase the cyclic fatigue fracture time.
Subject(s)
California , Corrosion , Fatigue , Fractures, Stress , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Sodium , Sodium Hypochlorite , Steam , SterilizationABSTRACT
MediScore is an information retrieval system, which helps to search for the set of genes associated with a specific disease or the set of diseases associated with a specific gene. Despite recent improvement of natural language processing (NLP) and other text mining approaches to search for disease associated genes, many false positive results come out due to diversity of exceptional cases as well as ambiguities in gene names. In order to overcome the weak points of current text mining approaches, MediScore introduces statistical normalization based on binomial to normal distribution approximation which corrects inaccurate scores caused by common words not representing genes and interactive rescoring by the user to remove the false positive results. Interactive rescoring includes individual alias scoring for each gene to remove false gene synonyms, referring MEDLINE abstracts, and cross referencing between OMIM and other related information.
Subject(s)
Data Mining , Databases, Genetic , Information Systems , Natural Language ProcessingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Clonidine is well known to stimulate both peripheral and central alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. After intrathecal administration, a marked analgesic effect and side effects of hypotension, bradycardia, sedation and dryness of mouth would be observed. Unlike direct acting agonists, neostigmine inhibits the breakdown of an endogenous neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which was shown to cause analgesia. Neostigmine revealed dose-dependent analgesia and also dose-dependent side effects, chiefly nausea, vomiting and motor weakness. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of intrathecal neostigmine and clonidine in patients with cesarean delivery under bupivacaine spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty healthy parturients were divided randomly into 4 groups; Group B (n = 20) received 1.6 ml (8 mg) of 0.5% bupivacaine plus 0.55 ml of normal saline. Group BN (n = 20) received 1.6 ml (8 mg) of 0.5% bupivacaine plus 0.05 ml (25micro gram) of neostigmine plus 0.5 ml of normal saline. Group BC (n = 20) received 1.6 ml (8 mg) of 0.5% bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml clonidine (75micro gram) plus 0.05 ml of normal saline. Group BNC (n = 20) received 1.6 ml (8 mg) of 0.5% bupivacaine plus 0.05 ml of neostigmine (25micro gram) plus 0.5 ml of clonidine (75micro gram). The maximum sensory block level, duration of motor block and analgesia, side effects (hypotension, nausea and vomiting, sedation), and visual analog pain score during rest and movement were recorded. RESULTS: Maximum spread segment, time for maximal segment spread, and the incidence of side effects were similar among the all groups. The duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in the BNC group compared with other groups (BNC; 165+/-40 min, B; 81+/-24 min, BN; 91+/-26 min, BC; 129+/-28 min, P<0.05). The duration of motor block was significantly prolonged in the BC and BNC groups than the B group (P<0.05). Visual analogue pain scores at 2 hours after operation were significantly lower in the BNC group than the B and BN groups at rest, and than the B, BN and BC groups during movement. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal neostigmine (25micro gram) and clonidine (75micro gram) prolonged the duration of analgesia and motor block in spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine.